Is kratom classed as an opioid?

Key takeaways

• Kratom is a plant native to Southeast Asia, known for its unique effects that feel somewhat similar to opioids, but it doesn’t fit neatly into the same category.
• Its main active substances, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, interact with opioid receptors in our brains. This results in pain relief and sedation, with a risk profile that differs from traditional opioids.
• People report a wide range of experiences when it comes to pain relief with kratom—highlighting why we need more clinical research and cautious, individual approaches.
• Kratom can be addictive, particularly with prolonged or high-dose use. Withdrawal symptoms, breathing difficulties, and other side effects are more likely, especially when combined with other substances.
• The legal status of kratom varies greatly depending on where we live, so it’s essential to keep up to date with local laws and only buy from reputable sources.
• Just because kratom is natural, doesn’t mean it’s risk-free. We should always use it responsibly, source it carefully, and be fully aware of the potential risks.

Kratom isn’t officially classified as an opioid, but it does act on opioid receptors in the brain. This plant, which comes from the Mitragyna speciosa tree found in Southeast Asia, contains compounds like mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine that can produce sensations similar to opioids, particularly at higher dosages. Some of us use kratom for relief from pain, to improve our mood, or to manage withdrawal symptoms linked to opioids. While it’s not legally considered an opioid in most places, kratom shares some of the same risks and side effects. Laws and public opinion about its safety can differ around the world. In the next sections, we’ll explain in detail how kratom works, what risks are involved, and how it fits into the broader context of natural wellness.

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How is kratom classified?

Kratom is a natural substance obtained from the leaves of the Mitragyna speciosa tree, native to Southeast Asia. At low amounts, it works as a stimulant, while higher quantities bring on effects similar to those of opioids. Across the region, people have relied on kratom in traditional medicine for centuries. In the United States, kratom is sold as a herbal or dietary supplement and, as of April 2019, is not listed as a controlled or scheduled substance. However, the Drug Enforcement Administration regards it as a Drug of Concern due to risks of misuse and dependence.

1. Kratom’s classification is largely based on its key alkaloids:
   • Its main active components are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine.
   • These alkaloids interact with opioid receptors in the body, but don’t produce exactly the same responses as standard opioids.
   • Kratom’s impact is influenced by both dosage and strain, meaning it can have a mix of energising and sedative properties.
   • The unique way it works makes kratom tricky to classify precisely.

1. Origin and cultivation

Mitragyna speciosa flourishes throughout Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea.

For generations, local communities have valued kratom as a medicinal plant, chewing its fresh leaves or making them into tea to combat tiredness and pain. It also plays a role in local rituals and is used to treat ailments such as diarrhoea and cough. In its native habitat, the kratom tree supports biodiversity, offering shelter and food to wildlife. Much of the kratom found internationally comes from small farmers who carefully pick and dry leaves before sending them abroad.

2. Chemical composition

Kratom’s main effects come from its alkaloids, chiefly mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG).

The way these alkaloids act in our bodies determines whether kratom’s effects are more stimulating or opioid-like. The strength and balance of these alkaloids vary depending on the strain and growing conditions, meaning kratom from different sources can produce different sensations. Understanding the chemical makeup helps both users and researchers assess safety, strength and possible risks.

3. How kratom works in the body

Mitragynine and similar substances bind to opioid receptors in the brain, although differently from classic opioids such as morphine. Lower doses can boost our energy and focus, while higher amounts tend to make us feel calm or drowsy. Some research suggests that kratom may help with pain relief and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, but there are still many unanswered questions, and further studies are vital to clarify its risks and benefits.

4. A complex profile

Kratom stands out because it offers a blend of stimulating and opioid-like results, a rarity among plant-based substances. These mixed effects can be attractive or off-putting depending on our needs. However, clear guidelines on how to define kratom remain elusive due to its unusual nature.

Can kratom ease pain?

The conversation around kratom and pain relief is lively, with roots stretching back centuries in Southeast Asia. Many people in those regions have traditionally turned to kratom for managing pain and supporting them through physically demanding work. In recent years, plenty of us have heard stories of people who find kratom helpful for relieving pain—sometimes even swapping prescription pain medications for it. The consensus among users seems to be that results are highly personal: while some notice swift relief, others gain little benefit or encounter side effects. Although scientific research is still developing, a handful of animal studies point towards kratom’s strong pain-relieving potential, and stories from real users continue to emerge.

How kratom interacts with our receptors

The main active ingredients in kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, interact with opioid receptors in our brains and bodies. These receptors are the same ones affected by traditional opioids, but kratom doesn’t latch on as tightly. This action can help to reduce pain signals, bringing about relaxation and sometimes mild euphoria. However, kratom doesn’t tend to result in the intense 'high' or rapid addiction risk you find with stronger opioids like morphine or heroin. For some, that means effective pain relief with a lower chance of developing a dependency—though it’s important to remember that using kratom still carries risks and should be approached with care.

Why the amount you take matters

Kratom’s impact can change greatly depending on how much is consumed. Smaller amounts often act as a stimulant, helping us feel energised and focused. Higher doses bring about relaxation and drowsiness—some people use this to manage pain, although others may find these effects undesirable. Taking too much can also lead to unpleasant side effects, such as nausea or difficulty breathing. That’s why we advocate for a "start low and go slow" approach, so we can find the best balance for ourselves while minimising any negative reactions. As always, having the right information and being conscious about our usage is essential.

What other users say

• Quite a few people report that kratom helps them cope with long-term pain.
• Some say it’s helped them reduce or quit prescription painkillers.
• Many mention feeling more positive and better able to function in daily life.
• Side effects like feeling sick, constipation, or headaches are commonly shared.
• Not everyone finds relief, and some dislike how it makes them feel.

Kratom and pain relief stories from users are truly varied. Some experience dramatic improvements while others barely notice a difference or struggle with side effects. Our individual responses and biology play a huge part. But bear in mind: personal stories aren’t a replacement for scientific evidence. Until more robust research is available, it’s tough to say for certain just how kratom helps, or who it might support the most.

Snapshot of personal experiences

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Kratom compared to opioids

Kratom and prescription opioids both play a role in pain relief, but they go about it in their own unique ways. As kratom gains popularity as an alternative to traditional opioids, there’s growing research into how they differ—particularly when it comes to addiction, risks to breathing, and side effects. Let’s take a look at how they compare.

Risks of addiction

We find that kratom can become habit-forming, especially if taken in high amounts each day. Although many people use it to help with withdrawal from stronger opioids, regular use can still lead to dependence. Withdrawal symptoms may include aching muscles, mood changes and trouble sleeping—very much like what’s seen with long-term opioid use.

Still, kratom’s addictive pull is usually milder than that of prescription painkillers. Most people don’t struggle with intense cravings or loss of control in the way they might with opiate medicines. Kratom users often take it to manage discomfort or reduce withdrawal, rather than to get a ‘high’. However, we shouldn’t overlook the risks. It’s vital anyone thinking about trying kratom, particularly as a way to stop using opioids, fully understands the dangers.

Breathing risks

A major concern with opioids is respiratory depression—this can be fatal, especially if mixed with other sedating substances. Kratom can also slow breathing, but this is rare at ordinary doses. Problems typically arise with unusually high doses, above 10 grams, but even then, serious incidents are uncommon.

We must be cautious if mixing kratom with alcohol, tranquilisers or other depressants, as this increases the risk considerably. It’s especially important to watch out for breathing problems if you have existing heart or lung issues. Most poison centre reports highlight that combining substances presents the highest danger.

Typical side effects

• Nausea
• Drowsiness or feeling sedated
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Sweating
• Loss of appetite

Kratom’s side effects have some overlap with prescription painkillers—most notably drowsiness and digestive issues. Prescription opioids also often cause itching and are more likely to trigger allergic reactions. Using kratom regularly over a long period can lead to liver problems or hormonal changes, although serious side effects are rare unless used often for months at a time.

If you’re considering kratom, it’s essential to weigh up both the potential benefits and the possible risks.

The regulatory divide

Kratom sits in a tricky legal position. Regulations shift from one place to the next, leaving many of us—shoppers, sellers, and lawmakers—in the dark. This split shows just how complex it is to reach agreement over kratom, especially given the clashing interests of science, culture, and public safety.

Approaches around the globe

Attitudes towards kratom couldn’t be more different across the world. In the United States, only six states—Vermont, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Arkansas, Indiana, and Alabama—have outright banned it. Elsewhere, the plant is recognised and regulated as a natural product. Even in its native Southeast Asia, countries like Thailand and Malaysia have imposed bans, despite its traditional use spanning generations. European countries are similarly divided: some allow kratom, while others (for example, Denmark and Sweden) forbid it altogether.

Culture plays a huge role in shaping these laws. In the US, kratom’s reputation as an alternative to prescription painkillers has sparked heated debate. In Southeast Asia, worries about addiction persist, even if using kratom is woven into village routines.

At the international level, organisations like the World Health Organization continue to observe kratom but have not enforced a global stance. That means it’s up to individual countries to set the rules. Should views on plant-based remedies evolve worldwide, it’s possible we’ll see kratom follow suit.

Scientific debate

We’re only just beginning to unravel the science behind kratom. Experts are still discussing its safety and possible benefits. Some back its potential for helping people move away from opioids, while others warn about unknown long-term effects and withdrawal risks like chills, sore muscles, and fatigue.

There’s a real lack of robust studies. Without proper research, setting smart policies is a challenge. Most aspects—ranging from how dangerous kratom is to whether it provides real help—are still under review.

What we do agree on as a scientific community is that our choices should be guided by solid evidence, not fear or hype. Until we get more reliable studies, this conversation is set to continue.

Public health perspective

Health officials worry about kratom’s possible drawbacks. The FDA has warned of contamination and other side effects, mainly because there are no proper standards for selling or making it.

It’s only fair that people know what they’re buying. Helping everyone understand the risks—including fake or dangerous products—can make a big difference.

We believe harm reduction matters more than outright bans. By giving people clear and honest information, we can help safeguard wellbeing while respecting everyone’s right to choose.

The Natural Misconception

Many of us fall into the trap of believing that anything derived from plants must be safe. This perception shapes the way some of us view kratom. However, just because something is natural, does not mean it’s harmless. Plenty of plant-based substances – kratom included – carry genuine health risks. If we see kratom as a catch-all natural remedy, we might ignore side effects, skip the research, or miss underlying dangers.

The risks of plant-derived products

Plant-based doesn’t equal risk-free. Kratom can lead to constipation, stomach discomfort or sleepiness, and some individuals experience withdrawal after stopping use. If we mix kratom with other medication or supplements, the chance of problems only increases. These issues are particularly hard to manage, especially when we self-medicate for pain, anxiety, or low mood.

Buying kratom from a trustworthy source is vital. Some sellers cut corners, and others don’t ensure quality at all. Like with any herbal product, kratom isn’t a substitute for proper medical advice. Using it to tackle health concerns without evidence or expert guidance is risky.

Concerns over contamination

Kratom is sometimes tainted with heavy metals, bacteria, or pharmaceutical substances. This largely happens due to poor quality control in markets where regulations are lacking. There have been occasions where kratom products were contaminated with salmonella or lead, prompting recalls and health warnings. These risks are even more pronounced when we get kratom online from suppliers who don’t invest in independent laboratory checks.

We can reduce these risks by opting for kratom that’s been tested and verified in labs. Transparent brands openly share sourcing details and test results. Taking this step shields us from hidden threats – yet most people skip it, convinced that ‘natural’ must mean automatically safe.

A lack of regulation in the market

Unregulated kratom markets add to the confusion. With no solid rules in place, anyone can sell it regardless of quality – leaving us open to fakes and dangerous additives. It’s particularly difficult for us as buyers to confirm the true contents of what we’re purchasing online.

Knowing your source is absolutely crucial. We should always look for lab reports, honest information and reviews from real users. Supporting better regulation can help keep us all safer. Proper standards and clear guidelines benefit everyone in the long run.

Looking Ahead

Kratom stands at the crossroads of tradition and science. Its popularity is increasing, and many people see it as a possible source of relief for pain, low mood, and even assistance during opioid withdrawal. As we move forward, it’s vital for us to approach kratom with open minds, careful consideration, and an appreciation of both the risks and benefits.

Exploring Kratom’s Benefits

Many people in our community turn to kratom when other pain relief options have failed. Some early studies suggest it might help with persistent pain, and there are those who take it for feelings of anxiety or mild depression. While these stories give us reason to be hopeful, most of the evidence relies on small research samples or personal experiences. Some scientists are exploring whether kratom could support those seeking to stop using strong opioids, with the idea that it may ease withdrawal symptoms. Still, there is much we do not know. Clinical trials are crucial for learning who kratom is suitable for, at what doses, and whether it’s safe over the long term. If we want to use kratom responsibly, we need to be patient and wait for more thorough research before declaring it a cure-all.

Where Research Falls Short

Our understanding of kratom is still full of gaps. Most studies are limited in size and lack strict controls, which makes it challenging to draw firm conclusions. We need more information about how kratom might affect our health in the long run, and how it might interact with other medications. There are also concerns about possible serious side effects like seizures, liver issues, or worse, especially if kratom is taken in large amounts or combined with other substances. With research funding still lagging and regulations evolving, we must address these uncertainties so that users and healthcare professionals can make safer choices. Comprehensive research will also mean regulations and health guidance can be shaped by evidence, rather than speculation.

Making Informed Decisions

Anyone thinking about trying kratom should make sure they’re well informed before deciding. We should start with the facts—not inflated promises or scare stories. Learning to recognise the limits and spot side effects is vital. Combining kratom carelessly with other substances is something we all should avoid. As research updates and new rules come into play, staying informed gives us the best chance to use kratom mindfully and with confidence.

Conclusion

Kratom stands apart in its own category. While some consider it similar to opioids, its effects and mechanisms differ significantly from traditional painkillers. Many of us turn to kratom for pain relief or a boost in energy, but research on its benefits and risks is still ongoing and far from complete. Regulations and laws are constantly evolving, which means its legal status can change rapidly depending on where we are. It’s tempting to assume that because kratom is plant-based it must be entirely safe, but that's not always the case.

People use kratom for a variety of reasons—some to manage pain or anxiety, others to improve their well-being or lift their mood. As we explore what kratom has to offer, it’s essential for us to stay aware of potential risks. Let’s continue to ask questions, keep up with the latest research, and share our experiences with others. Staying informed is key as the story of kratom unfolds.

Frequently asked questions

Is kratom classed as an opioid?

Kratom isn’t officially an opioid, but its active ingredients attach to the same brain receptors as opioids. This means it does have comparable effects, though it isn’t technically the same.

Can we use kratom for pain relief?

Some people use kratom to help manage pain, as it can offer effects similar to opioids. However, there’s limited scientific research on its safety and effectiveness, so we should be cautious.

How does kratom differ from traditional opioids?

Kratom comes from a plant, while most classic opioids are either synthetic or derived from opium poppies. Their chemical structures and legal statuses are also not the same.

Is kratom legal everywhere?

The legal status of kratom varies around the world. Some countries and regions have banned it, while others allow or regulate its use. It’s important that we always check the rules in our area before using kratom.

Can kratom cause addiction?

Kratom can lead to dependency and withdrawal symptoms, especially with long-term use. More research is still needed to fully understand how addictive it may be.

Is kratom a natural substitute for opioids?

While kratom is promoted as a natural option, being natural doesn’t guarantee it’s safe. The potential benefits and risks are still being studied by scientists and health authorities.

What are the risks of taking kratom?

Possible side effects include becoming dependent, feeling sick, constipation, and in rare cases, more serious health problems. We should always speak to a healthcare professional before deciding to use kratom.